Medical negligence refers to the failure of a carer to provide a standard level of care, resulting in harm or injury to a patient. This could include forgetting to administer medication, choosing a different treatment plan than what was prescribed, or breaching duty of care.

Securitization in international relations and national politics is the process of state actors transforming subjects from regular political issues into matters of "security": thus enabling extraordinary means to be used in the name of security.

At the conclusion of the Cold War, the US and Russia substantially reduced the size of their nuclear arsenals and signed substantial arms reduction treaties, START I and START II. However, both states still maintain significantly larger nuclear arsenals than any other state. Due to the collapse of the USSR, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus became nuclear weapons states in the early 90s. The US and Russia both supported these states transferring these weapons to Russia in exchange for commitments to refrain from threatening them militarily.

The US and Russia are both party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Under the NPT, states that tested nuclear weapons before 1967 are legally recognised as nuclear-weapon states, but are required to attempt to take genuine steps towards disarmament.

Trump's first impeachment took place after a formal House inquiry found that he had solicited foreign interference in the 2020 U.S. presidential election to help his re-election bid, and had then obstructed the inquiry itself by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony. In general, a president can be impeached for committing "high crimes and misdemeanors," as outlined in many constitutional systems, including the U.S. Constitution. Examples include abuse of power, obstruction of justice, corruption and bribery, violating constitutional duties etc.